THE FARAGINA – A REGULAR MILITARY STRUCTURE IN THE ABBASID'S ARMY
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The article provides information about the Faragina military unit, which was the elite part of the Caliphate's army, based on historical sources and scientific literature. The transition of Central Asians into the Arab caliphs' service, their rising military and political power in the caliphate's central areas, and their role in the repression of popular movements and political disputes are all highlighted.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Al-Baladhuri. Al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Jabir. The Origins of the Islamic State, Part II. Trans. Francis Clark Murgotten. New York: Columbia University, 1924.
Tabari I. Abu Djafar Mohammed ibn Djarir at-Tabari. Annales / Ed. M.J. de Goeje, I. Lugduni Batavorum: E.J.Brill, 1879–1880.
Tabari II. Abu Djafar Mohammed ibn Djarir at-Tabari. Annales / Ed. M.J. de Goeje, II. Lugduni Batavorum: E.J.Brill, 1881.
Tabari III. Abu Djafar Mohammed ibn Djarir at-Tabari. Annales / Ed. M.J. de Goeje, II. Lugduni Batavorum: E.J.Brill, 1883–1884.
Al-Balazuri. Al-Balazuri. Liber expugnationis regionum, auctore Imamo Ahmed ibn Jahja ibn Djabir al-Belol, quem a codice Leidensi et codice Musei Britannici ed. M.J.de Goeje, Lungduni Batavorum, 1866. – 1376 p.
al-Ja’qubi. Ibn Wadhih qui dicitur al-Ja’qubi. Historiae Ed. M.Th.Haustma, pars 1, historiam ante-islamicam continents: pars 2, historiam islamicam continents. Lungduni Batavorum, 1883.
al Yakubi. Kitab al-buldan. Kitab al-a’lak an-nafisa YII auctore Abu Ali Ahmed ibn Omar ibn Rosteh et Kitab al-boldan auctore Ahmed ibn Abu Jakub ibn Wadhih al-Kitab al Yakubi. Ed. M.J. De Goeje, ed 2, Lungduni Batavorum, 1892. – 168 р.
Ibn el-Athiri. Ibn el-Athiri. Chronicon quod perfectissimum inscribitur, ed.C.J.Tornberg vol.I-XIV, Upsaliae et Lugduni Batavorum, 1851-1876.
Ibn Khallikan. Ibn Khallikan. Kitab wafayat al-aiyan. Biographical dictionary. Translated from the arabic by Bn Mac Guckin de Slane. Member of the council of the Asiatic society of Paric, corresponding member of the academy of sciences Turin, etc. Vol.3. – Paris, 1843. – 718 р.
Ibnu’l Esir. Ibnu’l Esir. Islam tarihi. El Кamil Fi’t Tarih Tercumesi. / Ceviren Yunus Apaydin. – 12 Cilt. – Istambul: Turkiyat matbaacilik ve nesriyat, 1986.
Khowarezmi. Liber Mafatih al-olum explicans vocabula technical scientiarum tam arabum tam peregrinorum auctore Abu Abdallah Muhammed ibn Ahmed ibn Jusuf al-Katib al-Khowarezmi, ed., indices adjecit G. von Vloten, Lugduni-Batavorum, 1895. – 345 р.
Al-Mas'udi. Al-Mas'udi, Ali ibn al-Husain. Les Prairies D'Or. Ed. and Trans. Charles Barbier de Meynard and Abel Pavet de Courteille. 9 vols. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1861–1917.
al-Ṭabarī. Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1985–2007). The History of al-Ṭabarī (40 vols). SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
Al-Ya'qubi. Al-Ya'qubi, Ahmad ibn Abu Ya'qub. Kitab al-Buldan. Ed. M.J. de Goeje. 2nd ed. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1892.
Ibn Haukal – Abu-l-Kasim Ibn Haukal an-Nasibi. Opus geographicum / Ed. J.H.Kramers, BGA, pars 2. Lugduni Batavorum: E.J.Brill, 1967.
al-Istakhri – Abu Ishak al-Farisi al-Istakhri. Viae regnorum / Ed. M.J. de Goeje, BGA, pars 1. Lugduni Batavorum: E.J.Brill, 1967.
el-Maqdisi. Motahhar ben Tahir el-Maqdisi. Le Livre de la Création et del’Histoire attribué a Abou-Zéid Ahmed ben Sahl el-Balkhi / Publié et traduit d’après le Manuscrit de Constantinople par M.Cl. Huart. Tome Sixième. Paris: Editions Ernest Leroux, 1919.
Taberi. Tarihi Taberi. Çeviren M. Faruk Gürtunca. 4. Çilt. – Istanbul: Sağlam yayinevi, 2000.
Ал-Балозурий. Абу-л-‘Аббос Аҳмад Ибн Йаҳйо Ал-Балозурий. Футуҳ ал-булдон. (Хуросоннинг фатҳ этилиши) / Сўз боши, араб тилидан таржима, шарҳлар, изоҳлар ва кўрсаткичлар муаллифи Ш.С. Камолиддин. – Тошкент, 2017. – 440 б.
ат-Табари. История ат-Табари. Пер. с араб. В.И. Беляева с дополн. О.Г.Большакова, А.Б. Халидова. – Ташкент: Фан, 1987. – 440 с.
Йа`куби. Йа`куби. Книга стран (Китаб ал-булдан). Вступ. стр. пер. комментарии и указатели Л.А.Семеновой. отв. ред. Д.В.Микульский. – Москва: Вост. лит, 2011. – 372 с.
Истахрий. Истахрий. Китаб ал-масалик вал-мамалик. Хуросон ва Мовароуннаҳр. Тадқиқот, араб тилидан таржима, изоҳ ва кўрсаткичлар муаллифи Р.Т.Худайберганов. – Тошкент: Фан, 2019. – 478 б.
Barthold W. Barthold, W., Spuler, B. (1965)."Farghana". In Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch., Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume II: C–G. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Bosworth C. Bosworth, C. Edmund. "Fargana" Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume IX. Ed. Ehsan Yarshater. New York: Bibliotheca Persica Press, 1999.
Matthew S. Gordon, Matthew S. (2001). The Breaking of a Thousand Swords: A History of the Turkish Military of Samarra (A.H. 200–275/815–889 C.E.). Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
Marshak, Marshak, B.I., and N.N. Negmatov. "Sogdiana." History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume III: The Crossroads of Civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750. Eds. B.A. Litvinsky, Zhang Guang-da and R. Shabani Samghabadi. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 1996.
Northedge. Northedge, Alastair. (2005) The Historical Topography of Samarra. London: The British School of Archeology in Iraq.
Атаходжаев. Атаходжаев А.М. Араб халифалиги сиёсий ҳаётида фарғоналиклар иштироки // Фарғона водийси тарихи янги тадқиқотларда мавзусидаги халқаро конференция материаллари. – Фарғона, 2019. – Б. 122–127.
Kennedy 2001. Kennedy, Hugh. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State (Warfare and History). – London: Taylor & Francis Routledge, 2001. – 229 p.