Scientific journal of the Fergana State University
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THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLYING KHOPIJ TAJPIBALAP OF STATE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS RELATED TO THE ELIMINATION OF EMERGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATIONS
This study examines the mechanisms of implementing state policy for mitigating emergency environmental situations and explores international experience in this field. The research analyzes the experience of developed countries such as Germany, the USA, Japan, and South Korea, and assesses the possibilities of adapting their practices to Uzbekistan’s context. The study proposes measures for improving legal, economic, and technological mechanisms. Recommendations are provided on integrating foreign models into Uzbekistan’s environmental risk management system.
emergency environmental situations, state policy, environmental management, international experience, environmental security, legal mechanisms, economic instruments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Scientific journal of the Fergana State University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
ABSORPTION CAPACITY OF SALINE SOILS AND CHANGE IN THE COMPOSITION OF CATIONS
In this work, it is presented that in saline soils of different properties, the composition and quantity, as well as the sum of absorbed bases, vary differently depending on the state, i.e., natural saline soils and secondary saline soils of different ages possess the properties of calcium and magnesium saturation. From natural saline soils to secondary ones, there is an increase in absorbed calcium, a decrease in the content of magnesium and sodium.
evolution, anthropogenic, mineralization, salt marsh, adsorption, cation, solonetzes, disclosed complex.
EVALUATING SUBSTRATE TYPES FOR ENHANCED HYDROPONIC STRAWBERRY YIELD AND QUALITY
Strawberries are a widely consumed fruit, valued for their nutritional benefits and sensory qualities, including high levels of bioactive compounds. Traditional soil-based cultivation poses challenges such as limited growing seasons and susceptibility to soil-borne diseases, prompting interest in hydroponic systems for strawberry production. The choice of substrate plays a critical role in hydroponic systems, influencing water retention, aeration, and nutrient availability, which directly impacts plant growth and fruit quality. This study evaluates three substrates coconut coir, perlite, and soil on their effectiveness in enhancing hydroponic strawberry yield and quality. The experiment, conducted in a controlled hydroponic environment, measured growth parameters including stem height, number of leaves, number of flowers, and flowering rate. Results showed that coconut coir outperformed both perlite and soil, with the highest values across all growth parameters. These findings suggest that coconut coir is the most effective substrate for optimizing hydroponic strawberry growth, making it a suitable choice for hydroponic strawberry production systems aiming to maximize yield and fruit quality.
Hydroponics, substrates, perlite, coconut coir, root, water retention
A BRIEF RESEARCH HISTORY AND CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS OF THE GENUS SCHIZOTHORAX HECKEL, 1838 (TELEOSTEI: CYPRINIDAE)
The genus Schizothorax represents a group of fish distributed in the mountain rivers of Asia and is distinguished from other cypriniforms by its complex taxonomic history. This article provides a chronological analysis of the research history of Schizothorax species. Between 1832 and 2022, more than 100 species and subspecies were described within this genus; however, over time, the taxonomic status of most of them has changed. At present, 59 of these taxa are considered valid. Furthermore, the article analyzes the current systematic status of the genus Schizothorax, noting the presence of 70 species. It also highlights priority research directions for taxa with complex taxonomic status.
freshwater fish, taxonomy, cypriniform fish, species description, Schizothorax, synonymy.
ICHTHYOFAUNA OF THE KARA DARYA: BEFORE AND AFTER THE INTENSIVE IMPACT OF ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS
The Kara Darya is one of the most significant rivers in the Fergana Valley, playing a crucial role in the formation of the region’s ichthyofauna. Since the second half of the 20th century, the impact of anthropogenic factors on the river has increased significantly. The construction of water dams has severely hindered fish migration. Additionally, after the 1970s, alongside fish species intentionally introduced from the rivers of the Far East for acclimatization, invasive species that were inadvertently introduced also contributed to a dramatic shift in the composition of the ichthyofauna of the Kara Darya. Furthermore, species that were once present in the river, such as Acipenser nudiventris, Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi, and Capoetobrama kuschakewitschi, have become entirely extinct in the Syr Darya basin. Recent studies confirm the presence of 28 fish species in the middle and lower reaches of the Kara Darya, belonging to six orders, 14 families, and 26 genera. This study examines the ichthyofaunal composition of the Kara Darya, its historical and recent changes, and the factors influencing fish diversity in the river.
Kara Darya, ichthyofauna, anthropogenic impact, fish diversity, invasive species, acclimatization, fish migration, water basin.
EVOLUTION OF MOUNTAIN LAKES, GENETIC CLASSIFICATIONS, AND SPECIFIC FEATURES
Mountain lakes are widespread in all mountain regions of the Earth. They vary significantly from each other in their origin (genesis), as well as in the shape and size of their lake basins. This is primarily because, with increasing altitude in mountain areas, natural conditions (including geological, geomorphological, hydrometeorological) and the ongoing natural-geographical processes (denudational, gravitational, hydrological, hydrogeological, glaciogenic, fluvioglacial, and others) manifest in diverse ways. In connection with this, this article analyzes the formation conditions, evolution, genetic classifications, and specific features of mountain lakes.
lake classifications, mountain lakes, glaciogenic lakes, tectonic lakes, volcanic lakes, dammed lakes, glacial lakes, karst lakes, suffosion lakes, thermokarst lakes, meteorite lakes, mudflows.
DEMOGRAPHIC ACTIVITY OF THE POPULATION AS A SOCIO-GEOGRAPHICAL OBJECT
The article examines fundamental changes in modern demographic processes, their specific aspects, territorial and geographical changes in the demographic activity of young people, the essence of state youth policy. The influence of the human factor, socio-economic processes on the age and gender composition and qualitative changes in the economic development of countries in the era of globalization is analyzed. The article also highlights the content of the concept of demographic activity of the population and its modern significance in the life of society.
Demographic activity, demographic processes, human factor, birth rate, mortality, marriage, divorce, migration, demographic factors.
TECHNOLOGY FOR PREPARING A NUTRIENT MEDIUM FOR MICROALGAE (EXAMPLE OF ANKISTRODESMUS)
This article discusses the cultivation environments and preparation technologies of microscopic aquatic plants, particularly the Ankistrodesmus species. Aquatic plants are of significant ecological and economic importance, widely utilized in various industries such as food, biofuels, and others. The article provides a detailed description of theoretical and practical aspects of plant cultivation in artificial environments, the preparation of nutrient media, and methods for stimulating plant growth under the influence of sunlight. Additionally, it covers the composition of nutrients used in the cultivation of Ankistrodesmus, sterilization processes, and scientific methods for monitoring plant growth. Special attention is given to the photosynthetic activity of microscopic aquatic plants and their use in industry, as well as their contributions to new biotechnologies and ecological sustainability.
Ankistrodesmus, biofuel, “Chu-13” nutrient medium, culture medium, aquarium, optimal growth, spectrum, transesterification.
ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
The article analyzes economic factors that influence the settlement of the population in the region. It is argued that economic factors are the most influential in determining the location in a modern market economy. Also, each of the economic factors (the level of development of industry and industrialization, the development of agriculture and rural population, transport infrastructure and landscaping, employment and the state of the labor market, housing prices and housing policy) was considered separately.
Economic factor, social mobility, population distribution, population density, rural settlements, population distribution, lifestyle of the population, infrastructure.
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THE GENUS LEPIDOSAPHES
In this study, a bibliometric analysis of scientific research dedicated to the genus Lepidosaphes was conducted. During the research, articles published in the Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases as of March 2025 were analyzed. Based on the results of the bibliometric analysis, the publication dynamics by years, leading journals, active authors, and leading countries in terms of the number of published scientific works in this field were identified. The analysis results indicate that in recent years, the number of scientific studies on the genus Lepidosaphes has significantly increased, highlighting the high relevance of the topic at the international level.
Lepidosaphes, bibliometric analysis, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, scientific publication trends, international research.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF APHID ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS, 1776) (using the example of Northern Fergana)
The article presents the results of a study on “The features of morphoecological adaptation of phytophages to their habitat and food resources.” Using mathematical and statistical methods and on the basis of morphometric features of Acyrthosiphon pisum samples, which is the main pest of chickpeas, the variability of the diversity of individuals in the regions was determined. The geographical and ecotopic variability of phytophages in desert, rainforest and foothill areas was statistically analyzed, and it was also proved that the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum significantly differs in 9 morphometric features, in accordance with Studenta criteria (tst=2.9; tf>tst or R>0.01).
Acyrthosiphon pisum, variability, geographical and ecotopic variability, Student's criterion, agrocenosis of chickpeas, Namangan
ON THE RECORD OF CIDARIA DISTINCTATA STAUDINGER, 1892 (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE, LARENTIINAE) IN THE FERGANA VALLEY
This article presents information on the record of Cidaria distinctata (Staudinger, 1892), belonging to the subfamily Larentiinae of the family Geometridae, in the entomofauna of the Fergana Valley. The species was first described by the German entomologist Otto Staudinger in 1892 based on specimens from the Samarkand and Margilan regions. Although subsequent records of C. distinctata were reported from Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan (Tashkent region), Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, no other records have been reported from the Fergana Valley since its initial detection in 1892. Research conducted in 2024 clarified the species' distribution and reconfirmed its presence in the entomofauna of the Fergana Valley. The wingspan of C. distinctata is approximately 24 mm, with yellow forewings having a dark brown basal area and a distinctive dark transverse band in the central region. Photographs of specimens collected from the vicinity of Quvasoy city, Fergana region, as well as specimens collected by Norbert Keil and co-authors from the Northern Tien Shan region of Kyrgyzstan, are provided.
Central Asia, Fergana Valley, Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae, Cidaria distinctata, morphology, distribution.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF ISKANDARIA PARDALIS (TURDAKOV, 1941) IN THE KARATAG AND TUPALANG RIVERS
The morphological variability of Iskandaria pardalis, one of the endemic fish species of the Amu Darya basin, was studied. Morphometric measurements of specimens collected from the Karatag and Tupalang rivers were analyzed using the Student’s t-test. Out of 32 characters examined, no significant differences were found in 25 of them, while the remaining 7 characters showed statistically significant differences at the 1% significance level. In addition, morphological variability between the populations was assessed using the coefficient of variation. According to the results, specimens from the Tupalang River exhibited moderate variability in caudal fin length, caudal peduncle length, and the distance between pelvic and anal fins, whereas the same characters in specimens from the Karatag River showed low variability. Furthermore, the lengths of the maxillary barbels in Iskandaria pardalis showed high variability in the Tupalang River population and moderate variability in the Karatag River population.
freshwater fish, endemic species, Amy Darya basin, Iskandaria, morphology, Student’s t-test.
SOME ASPECTS OF LABOR MIGRATION IN JIZZAKH REGION
This article examines labor migration, one of the main types of mechanical population movement, its relevance, and territorial structure. The primary focus is on the causes of labor migration, as well as its territorial and sectoral composition.
Migration, population, labor migration, abroad, labor resources, external migration, demographic processes, population structure, donor country, developed countries, migration flows.
REGIONAL STRUCTURE OF FOREIGN MIGRATION IN SURKHANDARYA REGION
This article studies and analyzes the migration process of the population and its territorial composition in the Surkhandarya region, as well as presents ideas and comments on the theoretical foundations of studying the migration process. In particular, the formation of external migration of the population in the Surkhandarya region and the factors influencing its development are discussed. Also, this research work provides a brief description of the study of the migration process by foreign and Uzbek scientists.
migration, migrant, external migration, labor migrants, international migration, emigration, immigration, factors, migration dynamics.
METHODS FOR GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF REGIONAL TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL SYSTEMS
The article studies the theoretical and methodological foundations of the formation and development of regional tourist and recreational systems, methods for organizing regional tourist and recreational systems and assessing their effectiveness, the role and importance of regional tourist and recreational systems in the effective use of tourist and recreational potential. Also, methods for assessing regional tourist and recreational systems are analyzed.
regional tourist and recreational system, tourism, recreation, geoecological assessment, analytical hierarchy, integral assessment, determination of tourist capacity, sustainability indicator system, GIS, cluster.
TERRITORIAL FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN THE FERGANA REGION
The article analyzes the demographic processes of Fergana, one of the eastern regions of Uzbekistan, in recent years, and also highlights the territorial features of the region. A detailed description of the natural-geographical and socio-geographical living conditions of the region's population, influencing demographic processes, is given. The article draws appropriate conclusions based on the results obtained.
Demographic processes, birth rate, death rate, migration, demographic factors, population size, relative growth, cities, towns.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF SCHIZOTHORAX EURYSTOMUS KESSLER, 1872 IN THE SHOHIMARDONSOY AND SOKH RIVERS
The morphological variability of Schizothorax eurystomus, a native fish species of Uzbekistan’s water bodies, was investigated. Morphometric measurements of fish specimens collected from the Shohimardonsoy and Sokh rivers were analyzed using the Student’s t-test. Among the 29 examined traits, no significant differences were observed in 26, while the remaining 3 traits exhibited statistically significant differences at a 1% significance level. Additionally, the degree of morphological variability between populations was assessed using the coefficient of variation. The results indicated that in specimens from the Shohimardonsoy River, the length of the anal fin base and the interorbital distance showed low variability, whereas in the Sokh River specimens, these traits exhibited moderate variability. Furthermore, traits such as pectoral fin length, pelvic fin length, caudal peduncle length, and caudal peduncle depth displayed moderate variability in the Shohimardonsoy River population but low variability in the Sokh River population. Conversely, body depth and eye diameter, which demonstrated high variability in the Sokh River population, exhibited moderate variability in specimens from the Shohimardonsoy River.
freshwater fish, common species, Syr Darya basin, Schizothorax, morphology, Student’s t-test.
THE GLORIOUS HISTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, BIOTECHNOLOGY, AND ECOLOGY
This article provides information on the history of the Department of Botany, Biotechnology, and Ecology, which was established as part of one of the first higher educational institutions in our republic, Fergana State University. The historical roots and stages of development of the department are inextricably linked with the history of the university. The department has trained highly qualified specialists not only for the Fergana Valley but also for various regions of Uzbekistan, as well as for a number of foreign countries. Special attention is given to its establishment, long-standing history, and current state, as well as the activities of teachers and mentors who are true devotees of science and education. The faculty of the department makes a significant contribution to the training of highly qualified educators, scientists, and leaders who selflessly work not only in educational institutions but also in various sectors of the national economy for the prosperity of our country.
higher pedagogical educational institution, teacher-botanist, department of botany, department of ecology, florist, geobotanist, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, PhD, associate professor, professor, academician.
DISTRIBUTION AND GENERATION OF THE LEAF BEETLE XANTHOGALERUCA LUTEOLA (MÜLLER, 1766) IN LOCAL ECOSYSTEMS
This article examines the distribution, biological characteristics, and generation turnover of the leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766) under conditions of the Fergana Valley. The study was conducted from April to November 2024 in both field and laboratory settings in the Fergana, Namangan, and Andijan regions. Special attention is paid to the beetle’s morphological traits—body structure, coloration, and diagnostic features—as well as its egg-laying behavior, larval stage, feeding habits, and pupal duration. The findings indicate that X. luteola may produce two or three generations per season, and the simultaneous presence of various developmental stages can cause significant damage to local ecosystems.
Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766), phytophagous beetles, Chrysomelidae family, pronotum, elytra, development cycle, larva, metamorphosis.
THE STATE OF RESEARCH ON PREDATORY BUGS OF THE FAMILY REDUVIIDAE (HETEROPTERA) IN UZBEKISTAN
This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of predatory bugs of the family Reduviidae studied in Uzbekistan based on literature data. In addition, scientific research conducted in various regions of southern Uzbekistan (Muborak, Nishon, Karshi, and Yakkabog in Kashkadarya Region, as well as Termez and Sariosiyo in Surkhandarya Region) recorded 7 species of predatory bugs belonging to 4 subfamilies and 7 genera of the family Reduviidae. The article also provides information on the degree of study of predatory bugs in different regions of Uzbekistan and their bioecological characteristics.
Heteroptera, assassin bugs, family, genus, species
CURRENT STATE OF NATURAL RESOURCES OF BERBERIS INTEGERRIMA BUNGE IN UZBEKISTAN
The article presents data on the current state of natural resources of B. integerrima in the Jizzakh, Surkhandarya, Tashkent, and Fergana regions of the republic. The average area with reserve value is 106.0 hectares on plots of 300.0 hectares. The biological reserves of the species amount to 29.09 tons, the exploitable reserves are 15.42 tons, and the annual possible harvest volume is 0.762 tons. The highest resource potential indicators of the plant are observed in the Pishagar district of the Zamin region (0.149 tons), the Uriklisoy district (0.128 tons), the Kizil-Naur district (0.129 tons) of the Boysun region, and the Aqsok-Ota district (0.145 tons) of the Bostanlik region. According to cluster analysis, the regions are divided into 3 groups based on the plant resource indicators. The main factors affecting the change in the plant's yield are altitude above sea level (r=0.64) and air temperature (r=0.87), which show a strong correlation. This is related to the plant's life form and its biological characteristics.
Berberis integerrima, resource, annual volume, correlation, cluster, Uzbekistan.
FIRST RECORDED GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND BIOLOGY OF EUPROCTIS CHRYSORRHOEA (LEPIDOPTERA: EREBIDAE) IN THE FERGANA VALLEY, UZBEKISTAN
This study provides the first confirmed record of Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linnaeus, 1758 (Brown-tail Moth) in Uzbekistan’s Fergana Valley, thereby extending its known distribution into Central Asia. Field surveys at multiple sites in Quvasay (Kokilon – ~40°18'21"N, 71°54'50"E; Sufon – ~40°22'37"N, 71°57'11"E), Fergana District (Satkak – ~40°24'24"N, 71°41'59"E), Kuva District (Akbarobod – ~40°32'59"N, 71°55'27"E), and Mingbuloq District (~40°24'24"N, 71°41'59"E) revealed adult moths on economically important fruit trees (e.g., Prunus cerasus, Prunus domestica, Malus domestica, and Pyrus communis). A total of 71 adult specimens (51 males, 20 females) were collected, from which 7 were selected for detailed morphological analysis. Simple descriptive statistics of key traits (e.g., wingspan, 37.6 ± 1.7 mm) indicate consistency with established descriptions. Observations of the species’ life cycle and host plant damage suggest successful adaptation to the region’s continental climate and orchard ecosystems, emphasizing the need for integrated pest management (IPM). While these findings provide critical baseline data, multi-year studies and broader geographic sampling are essential to evaluate long-term population dynamics and ecological impacts more thoroughly.
Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Brown-tail Moth, Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan, invasive species, Lepidoptera, pest management, orchard ecosystems
BIOCENOTIC INTERACTIONS AND AGROECOSYSTEM ROLES OF PENTATOMOIDEA (HETEROPTERA) STINK BUGS IN THE WESTERN FERGANA REGION
This study examines the species composition, ecological characteristics, and role of Pentatomoidea (Heteroptera) stink bugs in the agroecosystems of Western Fergana. The research analyzed the significance of phytophagous and entomophagous species in various ecosystems, their role in food chains, and their impact on agroecosystems. The population dynamics of these bugs, their effects on agricultural crops, and the efficiency of entomophagous species in biological control were assessed. The obtained results are essential for ensuring agroecosystem stability, developing biological pest control strategies, and effectively organizing regional entomofauna monitoring. The study findings were analyzed based on scientific literature and field observations.
Pentatomoidea, Heteroptera, stink bugs, phytophagous, entomophagous, agroecosystem, food chain, biological control, entomofauna
SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF THE COMPLEX COMPOUND OF N-(1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOL-YL) ACETAMIDE WITH ZINC (II) CHLORIDE
Methods of synthesizing complex compounds of N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-yl) asetamide with Zn(II) chloride was developed, and the composition and structure of the synthesized complex compounds were studied using modern physical and chemical research methods. It was found that the ligand is coordinated through the second nitrogen of the triazole ring and the oxygen atoms of the acetamide group in the reactions of N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-yl) asetamide complex formation. [Zn(L)2(H2O)2]Cl2 crystals have a monoclinic molecular structure, in which the metal atom forms a six-membered chelate ring with the nitrogen of the triazole ring and the oxygen atoms of the acetamide group and the oxygen atoms of water. In the [Zn(L)2(H2O)2]Cl2 complex, the bond lengths of Zn1-N3, Zn1-O1 and Zn1-O2 are 1.937, 2.024 Å and 2.40 Å, and the angles of N3-Zn1-N4 are 91.32°(19). The largest angular values ​​belong to the angles of N3-Zn1-N3, O1-Zn1-O1 and N4-Zn1-N4, which are 180.0°. The coordination number of the central copper atom is six and it is hybridized in the sp3d2 state. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds are formed between the hydrogen atom of the imine group of the 3-acetylamino-1,2,4-triazole ligand and the oxygen of water. The positive charge of the zinc ion is compensated by the chloride acid ligand in the anionic state.
N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)acetamide, zinc chloride, ligand, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray structural analysis, thermal analysis.
ENRICHMENT OF LOGON BENTONITE AND ANALYSIS OF MODIFIED ORGANOBENTONITES USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
This study investigates the effect of modifying bentonite with various surfactants on its morphological properties and elemental composition. Bentonite is a mineral with high adsorption capacity, and organic modification methods are used to improve its chemical and physical properties. In this research, bentonite samples were prepared and modified with surfactants such as tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMAB), octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (ODTMAB), and dokocantrimethylammonium bromide (DKTMAB). The impact of modification on bentonite composition was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that modified samples exhibited changes in particle structure and a reduction in the degree of agglomeration. The increase in the hydrocarbon chain length of organic modifiers contributed to a more compact arrangement of bentonite particles and enhanced hydrophobic properties. The findings of this study help expand the applications of bentonite in various industries, including environmental purification, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemistry. It has been established that bentonite modification significantly improves its functional properties.
: bentonite, modification, surfactants, SEM, EDS, morphology, adsorption.
STUDY OF THE ALKALOID COMPOSITION OF LYRIDENDRON TULIPIFERA L.
This article presents the results of a study of the alkaloid composition of Liridendron tulipifera L. The composition of Liridendron tulipifera L was studied using UV, IR, and mass spectrometry. The structures of the identified alkaloids were confirmed using the above methods.
Liridendron tulipifera L, alkaloid, UV, IR, Lirinin, Lirinidin, leaf, root, stem
THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
This article comprehensively analyzes the role of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in scientific research. Using systematic review methods, the effectiveness of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods in scientific processes, the advantages and limitations of using generative AI tools (ChatGPT, Gemini, Scispace, Perplexity) are discussed. The results show that AI technologies provide significant advances in working with big data, advancing scientific hypotheses, and automating laboratory processes. However, issues such as algorithmic bias, the "black box" problem, hallucinations, plagiarism, confidentiality, and copyright continue to concern the scientific community. In particular, this article puts forward recommendations for the full and rational use of AI, ensuring transparency and fairness in scientific processes, and operating within the rules of scientific ethics.
artificial-intelligence technologies; research process; generative artificial intelligence; scientific writing; ChatGPT.
“THE EFFECT OF ERBIUM IONS ON SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTODETECTORS: A SILICON MODEL”
This article explores the potential of improving the efficiency of semiconductor photodetectors by doping silicon with erbium ions. During the study, photoluminescence and photo-conductivity spectra were analyzed, and the impact of erbium ions on the optical and electrical properties of silicon was examined. The results suggest that silicon doped with erbium can serve as an effective material for optoelectronic devices, particularly for photodetectors operating in the infrared range.
Semiconductors, Photodetectors, Erbium ions, Silicon model, Photoluminescence, Photoconductivity, Ion implantation, Optical properties, Electrical properties.