THE FORMATION OF THE KHWARAZM EMPIRE AND THE MILITARY-DIPLOMATIC STRATEGY OF MUHAMMAD KHWARAZMSHAH BEFORE THE MONGOL INVASION

doi:10.56292/SJFSU/vol31_iss2/a93

Authors

Farg‘ona davlat universiteti

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5681-6676

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56292/SJFSU/vol31_iss2/a93

Keywords:

Khwarazmshahs, Ala al-Din Muhammad, Seljuk Empire, Qara Khitai, Mongols, geopolitical strategy, military campaigns.

Abstract

This article examines the formation of the Khwarazmian state in the 12th–13th centuries, the process of gaining political independence, and the key characteristics of Ala al-Din Muhammad’s reign. It is shown that the decline of the Seljuk Empire provided the Khwarazmshahs with opportunities for independent actions, while their diplomatic and military strategies influenced the geopolitical situation in the region. The reign of Ala al-Din Muhammad is considered the peak of the Khwarazmian Empire, as his military campaigns led to the annexation of Khorasan, Transoxiana, and the territories of the Ghaznavids. Additionally, his relations with the Qara Khitai and political decisions are analyzed.

Author Biography

, Farg‘ona davlat universiteti

Farg‘ona davlat universiteti Strategik rivojlanish va xalqaro reytinglar bo‘limi boshlig‘i

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