ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ ПО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯМ УЧЁНЫХ РАЗНЫХ СТРАН МИРА ПО МИКРОПЛАСТИКОВЫМ ЧАСТИЦАМ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56292/SJFSU/vol31_iss3/a183Keywords:
пластик, загрязнение, бакелит, экология, пищевые цепи, экосистемы, водные организмы, континентыAbstract
Настоящий обзор посвящён систематизации и анализу современных научных данных о распространении микропластика в водных экосистемах и его воздействии на гидробионтов. Целью работы является выявление закономерностей миграции микропластических частиц в пресных и морских водоёмах, а также оценка их потенциальной угрозы для водных организмов и человека. В процессе подготовки обзора использован аналитический метод с опорой на актуальные публикации отечественных и зарубежных исследователей, обобщены результаты натурных наблюдений, лабораторных экспериментов и модельных оценок. Особое внимание уделено изучению микропластика в пресноводных экосистемах, которые традиционно оставались менее исследованными по сравнению с морской средой. Подчёркивается значимость речных систем как путей транспортировки микропластика и его накопления в донных отложениях. Рассмотрены вопросы биодоступности микропластика для гидробионтов, его способности адсорбировать токсичные соединения, а также риски биоаккумуляции по пищевым цепям. Выявлено, что микропластик представляет собой не только физическую угрозу водным организмам, но и потенциальный химический вектор загрязнителей, что усугубляет его экологическое воздействие. Обобщённые данные подчёркивают необходимость дальнейших междисциплинарных исследований и разработки профилактических мер для минимизации последствий микропластикового загрязнения в водных экосистемах.
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