ECOLOGICAL STATE OF IRRIGATED SOILS

Abstract

This scientific article examines the ecological condition of irrigated soils by analyzing the quantitative composition, distribution, and ecological risk levels of heavy metals and metalloids. The study focuses on key elements such as cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and zinc (Zn), comparing their concentrations with the maximum permissible levels (MPL).

The research results show that arsenic presents the highest ecological risk, with concentrations exceeding the MPL by 7.55 times. This indicates significant soil contamination, which poses potential health risks through agricultural products. The concentrations of nickel (1.85), zinc (1.63), antimony (1.13), and cobalt (1.06) indicate a low level of contamination. The order of toxicity based on ecological risk was established as: As > Ni > Zn > Sb > Co.

Chemical analyses were conducted using standards from GOST 17.4.1.02-83 and the neutron activation analysis method. Based on the findings, the study emphasizes the necessity of implementing agroecological and agromeliorative measures and establishing continuous soil monitoring systems to mitigate contamination.

The outcomes of this research highlight the relevance of the issue of heavy metal contamination in irrigated soils and support the development of scientifically grounded, practical approaches to maintaining soil health and ensuring sustainable agricultural productivity.